Valvular Heart Disease

Damaged or malfunctioning heart valves can affect circulation and overall heart function. With prompt evaluation and effective treatment, valvular heart disease can be managed well. This helps you stay active and protects your long-term health.

What is Valvular Heart Disease?

Valvular heart disease occurs when one or more of the heart's four valves, specifically the aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves, become damaged or malfunction. This issue can disrupt blood flow through the heart and lead to serious problems if left untreated.

Types of Valvular Heart Disease

There are several types of valve disorders:

• Stenosis – when a valve becomes narrowed, restricting blood flow
• Regurgitation (insufficiency) – when a valve leaks, allowing blood to flow backward
• Atresia – a congenital condition where a valve is missing or improperly formed

Each valve (especially the aortic and mitral) can be affected by these issues.

Causes of Valvular Heart Disease

Common causes include:

• Age-related degeneration (calcification)
• Rheumatic fever (post-strep infection damage)
• Congenital heart defects (e.g., bicuspid aortic valve)
• Endocarditis (heart valve infection)
• Heart attack or cardiomyopathy
• Radiation therapy to the chest
• Autoimmune conditions

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the valve and severity, but may include:

• Shortness of breath, especially with exertion
• Fatigue or weakness
• Chest pain or pressure
• Palpitations or irregular heartbeat
• Dizziness or fainting
• Swelling in the ankles, legs, or abdomen
• Heart murmur (often the first clue during exam)

Diagnosis

Evaluation includes:

• Physical exam (listening for murmurs)
• Echocardiogram (transthoracic or transesophageal)
• Electrocardiogram (EKG)
• Chest X-ray
• Cardiac MRI
• Cardiac catheterization (if needed for surgical planning)

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type, location, and severity of the valve problem:

• Medications to manage symptoms, such as diuretics and beta-blockers.  
• Valve repair using minimally invasive techniques or open-heart surgery.  
• Valve replacement with mechanical or biological valves.  
• Transcatheter procedures like TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement).  
• Ongoing monitoring for mild cases. 

Lifestyle Management

To support valve health and manage symptoms:

• Follow a low-sodium, heart-healthy diet.  
• Avoid smoking and drinking too much alcohol.  
• Stay physically active, as advised.  
• Watch for any worsening symptoms.  
• Take your prescribed medications.  
• Practice good dental hygiene to lower the risk of infection, especially if you have artificial valves.
  

Conclusion

Valvular heart disease can often be managed or fixed with early detection and modern treatments. Whether through medication, surgical repair, or minimally invasive replacement, patients can live full, active lives with the right care. 

At IVY Cardiovascular & Vein Center in Wellington, FL, Dr. Rishi Panchal offers expert evaluation and top treatment options for all types of valve disease. From diagnosis to recovery, you will receive personal and caring support. 

Don’t let valve disease go untreated. Schedule a consultation today. Call 561-210-9495 or request an appointment online.